Dan George
| Dan George | |
.jpg) Chief Dan George, Royal London Wax Museum, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada | |
| Date of birth: | July 24 1899 |
| Date of death: | September 23 1981 (aged 82) |
|---|---|
| Death location: | Vancouver, British Columbia |
Chief Dan George, (July 24, 1899–September 23, 1981) was a chief of the Tsleil-Waututh Nation, a Coast Salish band located on Burrard Inlet in North Vancouver, British Columbia.
One of twelve children of the tribal chief, Dan George served as chief of the Tsleil-Waututh Nation from 1951 to 1963. He was also an Academy Award-nominated actor, a successful poet, a philosopher, champion of First Nations peoples, and the loving patriarch of a large family.
His recitation of "Lament for Confederation" at Vancouver's 1967 Canadian Centennial celebrations in Empire Stadium helped galvanize native political activism in the province, and also created support and awareness among non-natives. Throughout his acting career, he refused any role he thought might be demeaning to Native people.
Life
Chief Dan George, a member of the Tsleil-Waututh First Nation, also known as the Burrard Band, was born on a Salish Band reserve on Burrard Inlet on July 24, 1899. He was one of twelve children of the tribal chief.
Burrard Inlet is a relatively shallow-sided coastal fjord in southwestern British Columbia, Canada. It separates the City of Vancouver and the rest of the low-lying Burrard Peninsula (to the south) from the slopes of the North Shore Mountains. The area has been home to the Indigenous peoples of the Sḵwxwú7mesh and Tsleil-waututh, who have resided in this territory for thousands of years.
His given name was Geswanouth Slahoot (pronounced and sometimes spelled as Tes-wah-no), which means "thunder coming up over the land from the water". This was anglicized as Dan Slaholt. He and his brother Harry were given the last name George when they began school at the Roman Catholic Oblate Mission.
George's father believed it was best for his children's future for them to learn the English language, so he enrolled them at the Mission school. Dan was five years old at the time. They knew no English when they arrived and were forbidden to speak their native language. The next eleven years were difficult ones, being distanced from family, culture, language and customs. During this period they saw their parents twice a month; every two weeks they rode the streetcar to the end of the line and walked seven miles to their home for a weekend visit. George did well in school, but government funding for Native education stopped when a student reached the age of 16. Following the completion of his education, Dan George worked as a logger.
At the age of 17, he entered into an arranged marriage with a sixteen year old Sḵwxwú7mesh (Squamish) girl named Amy. The union lasted fifty-two years until Amy's death. They had eight children, six of whom survived into adulthood.
Dan George's father-in-law helped him get a coveted job as a longshoreman in Vancouver Harbor. He did this work for twenty-seven years. During frequent labor strikes in the 1920s and the Great Depression in the 1930s he supplemented his income with hunting and lumbering. A serious accident on the docks in 1947, which damaged a hip and leg, ended his longshoreman career.
He worked odd jobs throughout the 1940s, including traveling throughout British Columbia with his children and other family members, performing as "Dan George and His Indian Entertainers." George later said these were the happiest times of his life.
On September 23 1981, Chief Dan George died of natural causes at the Lion's Gate Hospital in North Vancouver, on the same Indian Reserve where he was born, at the age of 82. He was interred at Burrard Cemetery in his native birthplace. He left behind six children and 36 grandchildren. George was succeeded as tribal Chief by his son, Leonard.
Acting career
In 1960, at the age of 60 years, Dan George got his first job acting in a CBC Television series, Cariboo Country, as the character "Ol' Antoine". He performed the same role in a Walt Disney Studios movie, Smith!, adapted from an episode in this series (based on Breaking Smith's Quarter Horse, a novella by Paul St. Pierre).
In 1970 Chief Dan George starred with Dustin Hoffman in the U.S. Western film Little Big Man directed by Arthur Penn and based on the 1964 novel by Thomas Berger. For his portrayal of Old Lodge Skins, George was nominated for an Academy Award as Best Actor in a Supporting Role. He won multiple honors for his performance including the Producers Guild of America Award, the National Society of Film Critics Award and the New York Film Critics Circle Award. He was also nominated for a Golden Globe as Best Supporting Actor. Tragically, George's wife of more than 50 years, Amy, died just before the Academy Award ceremony. He returned to his two-room wood house on the Burrard Reserve, where he lived with one of his daughters and her children.
He continued to act in other films, such as The Outlaw Josey Wales, Harry and Tonto and Americathon, and on television, including a role in the miniseries Centennial, based on the book by James A. Michener, as well as appearing in a 1973 episode of the original Kung Fu series, with David Carradine.
George played the role of Rita Joe's father in George Ryga's stage play, The Ecstasy of Rita Joe, in performances at Vancouver and the National Arts Centre in Ottawa. It was also produced in Washington, D.C., in May 1973, with Dan George and Frances Hyland in lead roles.
Activism
During his acting career, George worked to promote better understanding by non-aboriginals of the First Nations people. His soliloquy, Lament for Confederation, an indictment of the appropriation of native territory by white colonialism, was performed at the city of Vancouver's celebration of the Canadian centennial in 1967. This speech is credited with escalating native political activism in Canada, as well as touching off widespread pro-native sentiment among non-native peoples.
National and international recognition of Chief Dan George grew following a speech he gave on Canada Day 1967. As the nation celebrated its centennial, he chose this day to perform his soliloquy, Lament for Confederation. With an audience of 35,000 in the Empire Stadium in Vancouver, he was accompanied by family members, who drummed and chanted as he spoke.
Lament for Confederation
"How long have I known you, Oh Canada? A hundred years? Yes, a hundred years. And many, many seelanum more. And today, when you celebrate your hundred years, Oh Canada, I am sad for all the Indian people throughout the land.
"For I have known you when your forests were mine; when they gave me my meat and my clothing. I have known you in your streams and rivers where your fish flashed and danced in the sun, where the waters said 'come, come and eat of my abundance.' I have known you in the freedom of the winds. And my spirit, like the winds, once roamed your good lands.
"But in the long hundred years since the white man came, I have seen my freedom disappear like the salmon going mysteriously out to sea. The white man's strange customs, which I could not understand, pressed down upon me until I could no longer breathe.
"When I fought to protect my land and my home, I was called a savage. When I neither understood nor welcomed his way of life, I was called lazy. When I tried to rule my people, I was stripped of my authority.
"My nation was ignored in your history textbooks - they were little more important in the history of Canada than the buffalo that ranged the plains. I was ridiculed in your plays and motion pictures, and when I drank your fire-water, I got drunk - very, very drunk. And I forgot.
"Oh Canada, how can I celebrate with you this Centenary, this hundred years? Shall I thank you for the reserves that are left to me of my beautiful forests? For the canned fish of my rivers? For the loss of my pride and authority, even among my own people? For the lack of my will to fight back? No! I must forget what's past and gone.
"Oh God in heaven! Give me back the courage of the olden chiefs. Let me wrestle with my surroundings. Let me again, as in the days of old, dominate my environment. Let me humbly accept this new culture and through it rise up and go on.
"Oh God! Like the thunderbird of old I shall rise again out of the sea; I shall grab the instruments of the white man's success-his education, his skills- and with these new tools I shall build my race into the proudest segment of your society.
"Before I follow the great chiefs who have gone before us, Oh Canada, I shall see these things come to pass. I shall see our young braves and our chiefs sitting in the houses of law and government, ruling and being ruled by the knowledge and freedoms of our great land.
"So shall we shatter the barriers of our isolation. So shall the next hundred years be the greatest in the proud history of our tribes and nations."[1]
Legacy
When he died in 1981 at the age of 82, Dan George had become an icon of gentleness and quiet humor in households across North America. In addition to being seen as a talented actor, he was also seen by many as a representative of the Native people, a role of which he was very aware. Taking this responsibility very seriously, he was always concerned to portray his people in the best light possible, refusing any role he felt to be demeaning to Native people.[2]
George's determination to benefit Native people was demonstrated at the celebration of Canada's centennial when he performed his soliloquy, "Lament for Confederation."
Canadian actor Donald Sutherland narrated the following quote from his poem "My Heart Soars" in the opening ceremonies of the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver.[3]
- The beauty of the trees,
- the softness of the air,
- the fragrance of the grass,
- speaks to me.
- And my heart soars.
Honors and awards
On June 25 1971, Chief Dan George was appointed an Officer of the Order of Canada. He was recognized for his "services both as an actor and as an interpreter of his people."[4] The Order of Canada is Canada's highest civilian order and is the centerpiece of the Canadian system of honors. It is a three-tiered order established as a fellowship that recognizes the achievement of outstanding merit or distinguished service by Canadians, through life-long contributions in every field of endeavor, and who made a major difference to the nation.[4]
In 1998, the American Indian Motion Picture Award Ceremony honored him posthumously on the occasion of a film documentary on his life, Today Is a Good Day: Remembering Chief Dan George, which included interviews with his family and actor Dustin Hoffman. The festival director, Mike Smith, spoke about George and the importance of his role in Little Big Man nearly three decades earlier. Smith called it "the first film that really showed the other side of Native people, the love and the respect of family and culture."[5]
George's role in Little Big Man as Old Lodge Skins marked the first time a Native person had been nominated for an Academy Award.[2] Chief Dan George received the following accolades for Little Big Man.
| Award | Category | Result |
|---|---|---|
| Academy Awards | Best Supporting Actor | Nominated |
| Golden Globe Awards | Best Supporting Actor | |
| New York Film Critics Circle Awards | Best Supporting Actor | Won |
| National Society of Film Critics Awards | Best Supporting Actor | |
| Laurel Awards | Best Supporting Performance, Male |
He was included on the famous Golden Rule Poster under "Native Spirituality" with the quote: "We are as much alive as we keep the earth alive."[6]
Several schools were named in honor of Chief Dan George:
- Chief Dan George Middle School in Abbotsford, British Columbia.
- Chief Dan George Public School in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Chief Dan George Theatre, University of Victoria, British Columbia.
Notable family
- Chief Leonard George - Also known as "Smoke Signals", Leonard George is the son of Chief Dan George. He became chief of the Burrard Indian Band after his father's death.
- Lee Maracle - The granddaughter of Chief Dan George, Lee Maracle was one of the first Canadian aboriginal people to be published in the early 1970s. She has since become one of the most prolific aboriginal authors in Canada and a recognized authority on issues pertaining to aboriginal people and aboriginal literature. She is an award-winning poet, novelist, performance storyteller, scriptwriter, actor and keeper/mythmaker among the Stó:lō people, as well as a serving as a university professor.
- Columpa Bobb - Columpa Bobb is the daughter of Lee Maracle and the great-granddaughter of Chief Dan George. She is an accomplished photographer, actor, playwright, poet and teacher. She has served as a cultural instructor and faculty member of the Centre for Indigenous Theatre in Toronto, as well as the Program Director and instructor, teaching classes for the Aboriginal Arts Training & Mentorship program at the Manitoba Theatre for Young People in Winnipeg, Manitoba.
- Sid Bobb - Sid Bobb is the son of Lee Maracle, and younger brother of Columpa. He graduated from the University of Toronto, having majored in Drama and Sociology. He is a respected theater actor, and has also starred in films.
- Charlene Aleck - Charlene Aleck is the granddaughter of Chief Dan George, and niece to Chief Leonard George. She is a well-respected television actress in Canada.
Filmography
| Year | Title | Role |
|---|---|---|
| 1969 | Smith! | Ol' Antoine |
| 1970 | Little Big Man | Old Lodge Skins |
| 1972 | Cancel My Reservation | Old Bear |
| 1972 | À bon pied, bon oeil | |
| 1974 | Alien Thunder | Sounding Sky |
| 1974 | The Bears and I | Chief Peter A-Tas-Ka-Nay |
| 1974 | Harry and Tonto | Sam Two Feathers |
| 1974 | Man Belongs to the Earth | Himself |
| 1974 | Chief Dan George Speaks | Himself |
| 1975 | Cold Journey | |
| 1976 | The Outlaw Josey Wales | Lone Watie |
| 1976 | Shadow of the Hawk | Old Man Hawk |
| 1978 | Pump It Up | |
| 1979 | Americathon | Sam Birdwater |
| 1979 | Spirit of the Wind | Moses |
| 1979 | The Incredible Hulk – Season 2, Episode 19, “Kindred Spirits” | Lone Wolf |
| 1980 | Nothing Personal | Oscar |
Notes
- ↑ Dan George and Helmut Hirnschall, The Best of Chief Dan George (Surrey, BC: Hancock House, 2017, ISBN 978-0888395443).
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Cheryl PattenChief Dan George acclaimed actor, gentle soul Windspeaker Publication 21(3) (2003). Retrieved July 11, 2022.
- ↑ Kwame Alexander, Chris Colderley, and Marjory Wentworth, Out of Wonder: Poems Celebrating Poets (Candlewick, 2017, ISBN 978-0763680947).
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Order of Canada The Governor General of Canada. Retrieved July 11, 2022.
- ↑ Dan George Your Dictionary. Retrieved July 11, 2022.
- ↑ Wayne Teasdale , Martha Howard, and Joan Borysenko (eds.), Awakening the Spirit, Inspiring the Soul: 30 Stories of Interspiritual Discovery in the Community of Faiths (SkyLight Paths, 2004, ISBN 978-1681629827).
ReferencesISBN links support NWE through referral fees
- Alexander, Kwame Chris Colderley, and Marjory Wentworth. Out of Wonder: Poems Celebrating Poets. Candlewick, 2017. ISBN 978-0763680947
- George, Dan. My Heart Soars. Toronto: Clarke, Irwin, 1974. ISBN 0919654150
- George, Dan. My Spirit Soars. Surrey, B.C., Canada: Hancock House, 1982. ISBN 0888391544
- George, Dan, and Helmut Hirnschall. The Best of Chief Dan George. Surrey, BC: Hancock House, 2017. ISBN 978-0888395443
- Mortimer, Hilda. You Call Me Chief: Impressions of the Life of Chief Dan George. Toronto: Doubleday Canada, 1981. ISBN 0385048068
- Teasdale Wayne, Martha Howard, and Joan Borysenko (eds.). Awakening the Spirit, Inspiring the Soul: 30 Stories of Interspiritual Discovery in the Community of Faiths. SkyLight Paths, 2004. ISBN 978-1681629827
External links
All links retrieved July 10, 2022.
- Chief Dan George at the Internet Movie Database
- Chief Dan George Turner Classic Movies
- Dan George at Find A Grave
- Dan George Your Dictionary
Credits
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